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1-10 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W XYZ1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D
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Vitamin D acts in the body to increase calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and also helps control calcium deposition in the bone. The natural vitamin D results from ultraviolet irradiation of a substance in the skin. This substance must then be converted to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D by the liver and kidneys to have an effect in the body.
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1-G (one-G) refers to the gravity force found on Earth.
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The 15N-glycine Method is used to measure the synthesis rate of protein in the body. Glycine is gelatin sugar composed of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Instead of the common 14N nitrogen isotope, the less common 15N isotope of nitrogen is used as part of the glycine molecule. 15N makes up about 0.365% of natural nitrogen. Glycine is digested by the body and part of the 15N is used to synthesize new protein molecules, while the unused nitrogen is excreted in the urine. The difference between the excreted and ingested amounts of 15N-glycine determines the synthesis rate for protein.
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17-Hydroxycorticosteroid refers to any of the hormones, such as cortisol, secreted by adrenal glands and measured in the urine in a test for determining adrenal function and diagnosing hypo- or hyperadrenalism.
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17-Ketosteroid is a steroid containing a ketone group which is commonly measured in blood and urine to aid in the diagnosis of Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome, stress and endocrine problems.
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2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG; now known as 2,3-biphosphoglycerate) is an important regulator for the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. It synthesizes within red blood cells (RBCs). This synthesis represents a major reaction pathway for the consumption of glucose in RBCs. Note that when glucose is oxidized by this pathway the RBC loses the ability to gain 2 moles of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from glycolytic oxidation of 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate via the phosphoglycerate kinase reaction. The synthesis of 2,3-biphosphoglycerate in RBCs is critical for controlling hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. It plays a major role in making adjustments in oxygen delivery, over a period of several hours to one day. Thus, it sets the level of oxygen delivery, ensuring that delivery remains sufficient and almost constant despite modest variations in oxygen availability.
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3-methyl histidine is an amino acid that is one of the constituents of the major proteins (actin and myosin) of skeletal muscle. It is excreted in the urine when actin and myosin are metabolized, and it is not used to form new protein. Therefore, the amount of 3-methyl histidine in urine is considered an indicator of muscle protein degradation.
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3H-methyl-thymidine is a thymidine molecule, one of four "code" substances in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), made radioactive by substituting tritium (3H) for ordinary hydrogen (1H).